Why Harmony? Technical Overview of Protocols, Validators & Bridges
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Why Harmony? Technical Overview of Protocols, Validators & Bridges

Cross-Chain Interoperability

Harmony’s bridges can connect any Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake chains. Our FlyClient architecture is fully trustless and highly gas-efficient. Currently, our bridges for Ethereum and Binance Smart Chain secure tens of millions cross-chain assets.

Developers simply change Chain ID and enjoy faster EVM executions identical at the bytecode level. They can use their familiar and standard Web3 tooling to easily migrate to Harmony.

What about users? They can continue to use MetaMask or Ledger — but now pay minimal fees. Any Ethereum wallets or portals can work on Harmony without code changes or new installs — we are fully compatible for both transaction messages and execution environments.

Reference and links of "Bridge & Layer-2 Features" at
Reference and links of "Bridge & Layer-2 Features" at harmony.one/layer2s
🏗️$1M Hackathon & DAO on Building Bridges🌁Horizon: A Gas-Efficient Trustless Bridge for Cross-Chain Transactions

Protocol Strengths

1. Secure, Random State Sharding

Harmony has transcended the blockchain trilemma by bringing the best research to production. Sharding is proven to scaleblockchains without compromising securityand decentralization.We divide not only our network nodes but also the blockchain states into shards, scaling linearly in all three aspects of machines, transactions and storage.To prevent single shard attacks, we must have a sufficiently large number of nodes per shard and cryptographic randomness to re-shard regularly. Each shard has 250 nodes for strong security guarantee against Byzantine behaviors. We use Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) for unbiasable and unpredictable shard membership.

2. Fast Consensus w/ Instant Finality

Harmony has innovated on the battle-tested Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) for fast consensus of block transactions. Our Fast BFT (FBFT) leads to low transaction fees and 1-block-time finality in Harmony Mainnet.We use Boneh–Lynn–Shacham (BLS) constant-sized signatures to commit blocks in a single round of consensus messages. We achieve 2-second block time with view changes in production against adversarial or unavailable leaders.Harmony Mainnet was launched in June 2019. Our network has produced 30M+ blocks with 450k+ transactions in publicly traded, native ONE tokens.

3. Effective PoS & Token Economics

Harmony has designed a novel Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanism for network security and economics. Our Effective Proof-of-Stake (EPoS) reduces centralization and distributes rewards fairlyto thousands of validators.Our staking mechanism supports delegation and reward compounding. To support 100% uptime but fully open participation, EPoS slashes validators who double-sign and it penalizes elected but unavailable nodes.Harmony Economics Model caps the annual issuance at 441 million tokens (about 3% rate in long term). Our model gives validators a simple and predictable return. All transaction fees are burnt to offset the issuance, naturally leading to zero inflationwhen our network usage becomes high.

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🌉Interoperability with On-Chain Bridges and Wallets

📈Messari's Report on ONE

On-Chain Staking & Delegation

💪Strategy & Roadmap on Adoption

Launch Dates & Weekly Updates

Table

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Table

List

NameAssignStatusNext Milestone DateRelease Date
Jenya PiskunovJack Chan
Live on Devnet
February 14, 2022

2022 Q2

Leo ChenJack ChanNita Neou (Soph)
Execution Started
February 14, 2022

2022 Q3

Yuriy M
Objective Defined
March 4, 2022

2022 Q2

Nita Neou (Soph)Leo ChenJack Chan
Execution Started
March 31, 2022

2022 Q3

Leo ChenDiego Nava
Live on Testnet
June 10, 2022

2022 Q2

Jacky WangRongjian Lan
Live on Testnet
June 20, 2022

2022 Q3

Jack ChanLeo ChenRongjian Lan
Execution Started
June 30, 2022

2022 Q4

Ganesha UpadhyayaJenya PiskunovTKRachit Srivastava
Live on Devnet
June 30, 2022

2022 Q3

Boris PolaniaGanesha Upadhyaya
Live on Testnet
July 25, 2022

2022 Q3

Ganesha Upadhyaya
Objective Defined
July 25, 2022

2022 Q3

Ganesha Upadhyaya
Objective Defined
August 29, 2022

2022 Q4

Rongjian Lan
Execution Started
October 31, 2022

2022 Q3

Rongjian LanJacky Wang
Execution Started
December 31, 2022

2022 Q4

Rongjian Lan
Objective Defined
May 31, 2023

2023 Q1

Bring Research to Production

  • Zeta Avarikioti – toward 1-second transaction finality: determine the optimal shard size against network security for our Proof-of-Stake network, compare to Mahdi Zamani's Rapidchain and Instachain;
  • Ivan Homoliak & Andrianna Polydouri – toward authenticator-based wallets: client-side encryption security and performance, one-time-password (OTP) Merkle-tree generation and authenticator security.
  • Dionysis Zindros (at decrypto) – toward logarithmic states: Flyclient/NiPoSPoS-based bridges vs ZK-rollups vs Interlay/XClaim's economics security, fast state sync for mining and resharding, keyless wallets with lattice-based witness encryption;
  • Dimitris Karakostas – toward supporting 100k delegators: optimizations of Harmony's on-chain delegations and compounding rewards;
  • Aaron Li – toward end-to-end formal verification: prove security of Harmony's authenticator-based wallets in Coq, smart contract audits on Horizon bridges for Ethereum and Bitcoin.
👩‍🚀Research DAO – Bring Best Results to Production

0️⃣zkDAO – Succinct, Private, Fair

🛫Harmony Grants and Investments (Paused)🔥$300M+ on Web3, Grants & DAOs